7 Surprising Facts About Alzheimer's

Alzheimer’s disease is widely recognized but often misunderstood. While most people associate it with memory loss, new research continues to reshape our understanding of its causes, risk factors, early signs and ways to protect brain health.

Here are some facts that offer a deeper look at this complex condition, and what they may mean for you or a loved one.

1. Alzheimer’s isn’t just about memory loss

“Memory problems are often the earliest sign, but Alzheimer’s affects many parts of the brain,” said Richard Stefanacci, D.O., Medical Director of Inspira LIFE. “People may first notice trouble with planning, problem-solving, decision-making or completing familiar tasks.” Subtle personality changes, increased anxiety or difficulty finding the right words can also be early indicators.

2. Alzheimer’s can begin years before symptoms appear

Alzheimer’s disease starts with changes in the brain long before noticeable symptoms develop, sometimes 10 to 20 years earlier. During this early preclinical phase, two proteins, amyloid and tau, begin to accumulate in the brain.

Amyloid can clump together between nerve cells, while tau can tangle inside the cells themselves, making it harder for the brain to send signals efficiently. Understanding how and when these proteins accumulate is helping researchers explore earlier detection and new strategies to slow or prevent the disease.

3. Genetics play a role, but they’re not the whole story

Having a family history of Alzheimer’s can increase risk, but it doesn’t guarantee that someone will develop the disease. “Most cases result from a combination of genetic factors, lifestyle choices and aging,” said Dr. Stefanacci. “Even for those with higher genetic risk, healthy habits can help support long-term brain health.”

4. Lifestyle habits can make a meaningful difference

Growing evidence shows that what’s good for your heart is good for your brain. Regular exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, getting quality sleep and staying socially active may help reduce risk or delay the onset of symptoms. Managing chronic conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol, also plays a vital role.

5. Alzheimer’s is more than just plaques and tangles

For many years, doctors believed that Alzheimer’s was mainly caused by amyloid plaques and tau tangles. While these play a fundamental role, researchers now know that Alzheimer’s is far more complex. “Inflammation in the brain, reduced blood flow, changes in the immune system and problems with how brain cells produce energy also contribute to the disease,” said Dr. Stefanacci. “Understanding these different factors is helping scientists develop new ways to diagnose Alzheimer’s earlier and create more effective treatments.”

6. Treatment options are evolving

Current medications can help manage symptoms and support daily functioning, especially in the early and middle stages. New therapies aimed at slowing disease progression have emerged, targeting the underlying biology of Alzheimer’s. Ongoing clinical trials continue to explore promising approaches, including antibody-based therapies and lifestyle modifications.

7. Early detection can improve quality of life

An early diagnosis gives patients and families more time to plan, access support and begin treatment when it may be most effective. Recognizing early changes can empower families to seek a medical evaluation sooner.

Alzheimer’s disease is complex, but understanding it more fully can make the journey less overwhelming. With new research offering hope and healthy habits supporting brain resilience, families can feel more informed and better prepared. If you’re concerned about memory changes in yourself or a loved one, talk with a health care provider to discuss next steps and available resources.

For older adults who wish to remain independent at home, Inspira Living Independently for Elders (LIFE) can provide coordinated medical care, social support and daily assistance to help maintain safety and quality of life.

Learn more about Inspira Living Independently for Elders (LIFE) program.