Cannabis Overdose: When to Visit the Emergency Department

Cannabis is now widely available across New Jersey, and as legalization has expanded access, more people than ever are using it. While cannabis can offer benefits for some people, increased use and stronger products have also contributed to a rise in cannabis-related emergency department visits, making it more important than ever to understand how to use these products safely and recognize the signs of an overdose.

While many users enjoy it in moderation, consuming too much or mixing cannabis with other substances can lead to distressing or dangerous symptoms. Below, we answer common questions about recognizing serious cannabis-related symptoms and knowing when medical attention is your best option.

What is a cannabis overdose?

“A cannabis overdose refers to consuming more delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, than the body can comfortably process,” said Brian Jerusik, D.O. medical director for Inspira’s Emergency Departments in Vineland, Elmer, Bridgeton and Mannington, New Jersey. “Although fatal overdoses are extremely rare, it is possible to experience frightening or distressing symptoms when too much THC is consumed.”

Cannabis overdoses tend to manifest as severe anxiety, panic attacks, extreme drowsiness or intense dizziness. In some cases, these effects may become overwhelming enough that seeking medical evaluation at an emergency department is the safest course of action.

What warning signs and symptoms indicate I should consider seeking emergency care?

Not every uncomfortable encounter with cannabis requires medical attention. Symptoms like mild anxiety, a dry mouth or temporary lightheadedness often resolve on their own within a few hours. If you are uncertain about seeking emergency medical care, the experts at the New Jersey Poison Control Center, 800-222-1222, can provide guidance.

“If you notice extreme drowsiness, sharp chest pain, a racing heart or persistent confusion or hallucinations, those are red flags,” said Dr. Jerusik. “Severe and continuous vomiting that prevents fluid intake, trouble breathing at rest or any seizure-like activity are also reasons to seek care immediately.”

How do emergency department providers manage a cannabis-related emergency?

When you arrive at the emergency department for a cannabis-related concern, the medical team will begin by assessing your vital signs and evaluating your mental status. If you are dehydrated due to prolonged vomiting or excessive sweating, you may receive IV fluids to restore hydration and electrolytes. Emergency department teams can also administer therapies to calm severe anxiety or agitation and prescribe medication to ease nausea and vomiting if needed.

After monitoring your vitals to ensure stability, your care team will prepare you for discharge, offer education on safer cannabis practices and provide clear instructions on when to follow up with your primary care provider (PCP) or return if symptoms recur.

What should I expect after I leave the emergency department for a cannabis-related visit?

Once your care team addresses any immediate concerns and your symptoms have stabilized, they will go over follow-up requirements. “If you have an underlying condition that may have contributed to your reaction, they may recommend an appointment with your PCP,” said Dr. Jerusik. “And if your symptoms include severe anxiety or a psychotic episode, your care team may provide mental and behavioral health resources, such as counseling or a referral to a telemedicine provider.”

You will also receive clear instructions concerning symptoms, such as recurring chest pain, persistent vomiting for more than 24 hours or difficulty breathing, that would prompt an immediate return visit. Your care team will also share guidance on how and when to take any medications prescribed during your visit, ensuring you have the tools to manage mild symptoms that might linger.

When in doubt, seeking prompt evaluation ensures you receive supportive care, guidance on safer practices and peace of mind so you can get back to feeling like yourself again.

Find an Inspira Emergency Department near you.