Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. Most women enter menopause around age 51 after they haven’t had a menstrual cycle for over one year.

Urogynecology, also known as female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS), is a subspecialty for OB/GYNs focused on non-malignant pelvic floor dysfunctions, such as urinary incontinence. While it’s usually clear when to refer your patients to an OB/GYN or a urologist, urogynecology is an often-misunderstood subspecialty when it comes to patient referrals.

You may have heard of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) before: Between five and 10 percent of women have PCOS, which makes it a common health issue, and many find out when they have difficulty getting pregnant.