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Read MoreAn abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) happens when a section of the abdominal aorta becomes weakened and bulges outward. While often symptomless at first, abdominal aortic aneurysms can become life-threatening if they grow too large or rupture without warning.
What Is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is when the abdominal portion of the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lower body, balloons. The aorta normally has thick, elastic walls that withstand high pressure, but certain factors can weaken its structure over time. Early mild widening of the vessel, called an ectatic aorta, can progress to an aneurysm when the diameter exceeds 1.5 times its regular size.
AAAs can be classified by their location in relation to the renal arteries, blood vessels that supply the kidneys. Each type has different implications for monitoring and treatment based on how close the aneurysm is to vital branches of the aorta.
- Infrarenal AAA: The most common type, which happens below the kidneys
- Juxtarenal AAA: Involves the aorta at the same level as the kidneys, which can make surgical repair more complex
- Suprarenal AAA: Extends above the kidneys and may affect blood flow to the kidneys and nearby organs, often requiring more advanced surgical planning
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk Factors
Several key factors raise the risk of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Age over 65 is the strongest risk factor. People who smoke are especially at risk, as smoking damages aortic walls. High blood pressure and a family history of aneurysm also increase risk. Early detection and understanding personal risk can help prevent serious complications.
What Are the Symptoms of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
AAAs often develop slowly and silently, with no symptoms until the aneurysm becomes large or ruptures. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- A pulsing sensation or throbbing mass in the abdomen
- Persistent or sudden pain in the abdomen or lower back
- Pain that radiates to the groin, buttocks or legs
- A feeling of fullness after small meals
- Dizziness, rapid heart rate or fainting
How Is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Diagnosed?
During AAA screening, your doctor will check your abdomen for a pulsating mass. If detected, an ultrasound can confirm the presence and detect aneurysm from 3 centimeters and bigger. For more detailed images, CT angiography or MRI may be used to assess the aneurysm’s size, shape and relationship to nearby renal and iliac vessels, helping guide your treatment plan.
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treatment Options
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)
A minimally invasive procedure in which a stent graft is delivered through the femoral arteries to reinforce the weakened aorta from within, shortening recovery time and lowering perioperative risk.
Open Surgical Repair
Traditional AAA repair surgery involves an incision in the abdomen, direct removal of the aneurysmal segment and replacement with a synthetic graft. This procedure offers durable, long-term results for large or complex AAAs.
Surveillance
Moderate size AAAs (typically less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter) are monitored with periodic AAA ultrasound exams every six to 12 months to track growth and decide when intervention is needed.
Medical Management and Risk Factor Control
Managing high blood pressure with medications, lowering cholesterol with statins and quitting smoking can slow aneurysm growth and boost overall cardiovascular health.
Our Approach to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Treatment
Our multidisciplinary team of vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, primary care doctors and cardiologists guides you through AAA care from screening to recovery. We offer the latest minimally invasive procedures and personalized treatment plans. Our experts focus on safety, proven results and ongoing support, helping you understand options and maintain your health at every stage.
